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Biceps Conditions
The biceps is the large muscle at the front of the upper arm. It has two tendons at the shoulder (proximal biceps) and one tendon at the elbow (distal biceps). Problems can affect either end of the muscle and may include inflammation, partial tearing, complete rupture, or instability of the tendon. These problems may develop after a sudden injury, repeated strain during work or sport, or gradually as part of wear and tear. Typical symptoms include pain in the front of the shoulder or elbow, weakness, cramping, bruising, and sometimes a change in the shape of the muscle.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a specialist clinical examination and the history of the problem. X-rays may be used to exclude other causes of pain, while ultrasound scan or MRI scan can help assess the biceps tendon and identify any associated shoulder or elbow problems. Proximal biceps conditions around the shoulder are often linked with other problems such as rotator cuff disease or labral injury, whereas distal biceps tears near the elbow usually cause more noticeable weakness, particularly when twisting the forearm.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the site and severity of the problem. Many proximal biceps conditions can be treated without surgery using rest, pain relief, activity modification and physiotherapy. If symptoms persist, or if there is associated shoulder damage, surgery may be recommended. This is commonly performed using arthroscopic (keyhole) surgery. The options may include stabilising and reattaching the tendon to the arm bone (tenodesis), or releasing the damaged tendon (tenotomy). In selected cases, the tendon itself may be repaired. Back...
For distal biceps injury, please click here.
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